Modern (theoretical) Physics seems to be in deep crisis today as many of its core aspects are not empirically well-confirmed. Heated exchanges among physicists on the scientific status of physical theories with little or, at best, a tenuous connection to possible experimental tests is highly visible in the popular scientific literature. Some physicists (e.g., Carroll 2014, 2019; Ijjas et al., 2017) argue that science must discard empirical testability as one of its defining properties and the highly explanatory theories of present-day Physics should be exempted from experimental testing, while others (e.g., Ellis & Silk 2014) spot in these arguments (for softening the testability or falsifiability requirement for modern Physics) a dangerous tendency to undermine science. The philosopher of science who naturally draws most attention in these current debates is Karl Popper (1902-1994). His views, however, are often misrepresented in these debates. The prime objective of this paper is to explain how a more enlightened perspective on the ongoing debates can be obtained by a careful scrutiny of the Popperian criterion of falsifiability. As a first step in achieving this objective we will analyze the two major (conceptual) failures on which the current controversies rest. Our next step will be examining the controversial string theory to see whether the criteria of falsifiability is a ‘blunt instrument’ for determining its scientific status.

The purpose of this research is to get acquaintance with Physics Education in Singapore. Singapore is a country that has focused a lot on Education and has reached prosperity. In this research, the Physics curriculum, the design of the Physics textbook in detail, and the content of the Physics textbook have been specially investigated. After independence in 1965, Singapore focused on He focused on the development and improvement of his Educational system. To achieve this goal, he reformed his Education system in four stages. After a brief explanation about the evolution of Singapore's Education system, this article enters the field of Physics Education and examines it from various aspects. The design of the textbook that is associated with web activities and mental challenges and problem solving has also been examined. Also, one of the teaching methods used in the Physics classroom, which relies on technology (interactive simulation method), has been discussed.

This paper introduces the flipped learning method and its advantages over traditional and conventional methods in Physics Education and labs, and presents significant points in holding the flipped class by employing students' skills in the presence of cyberspace. The best effect of this method is increasing the students' motivation and deep learning with replacing between teaching and discussion on Educational content position. This paper introduces the flipped learning method and its advantages over traditional and conventional methods in Physics Education and labs, and presents significant points in holding the flipped class by employing students' skills in the presence of cyberspace. The best effect of this method is increasing the students' motivation and deep learning with replacing between teaching and discussion on Educational content position. This paper introduces the flipped learning method and its advantages over traditional and conventional methods in Physics Education and labs, and presents significant points in holding the flipped class by employing students' skills in the presence of cyberspace. The best effect of this method is increasing the students' motivation and deep learning with replacing between teaching and discussion on Educational content position.

Introduction: Medical physicists [MP] employed in radiation medicine are health professionals [1, 2] and are responsible for the radiation protection of the patient, staff, and the public. IAEA has prescribed minimum Educational and training requirements for being clinically qualified medical physicists [CQMP], [3]. As the application of ionizing radiation is increasing in the diagnosis of various ailments and treatment mostly in radiation oncology, radiology & interventional radiology, and nuclear medicine across the globe, more and more MPs are required to take care of rising demand [4]. In the Asia Oceania region, the rapidly growing health care system requires an increasing number of MPs and many countries in this region have started masters in medical Physics [MMP] program. The quality of the MMP program and the competency of MPs produced by the institutes/universities imparting the Education and training needs to be of the required standard and requirement. The aim of present study was to access the current status of medical Physics Education and workforce in the Asia Oceania Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics [AFOMP] region. Material and Methods: To access the status of medical Physics Education in the AFOMP region data is collected from 21 countries and national medical Physics organizations [NMO] of Asia Oceania region regarding the MMP Education program, intake capacity, and certification, registration. Results: It is observed that 105 institutes in the AFOMP region are conducting the MMP program with a total annual capacity of about 800 students. Further, we observed that in 9 countries the MMP programs are accredited, and 11 countries have MP certification boards. From the present analysis, it was observed that the number of medical physicist in AFOMP NMO varies from 0. 56 to 20. 0 MP per million population. Conclusion: To meet increasing needs of P, more MPE programs recommended.

Abstract Intuition is one of the characteristics of entrepreneurs and an important factor in the decision-making processes of entrepreneurs. In recent years, at the same time as the development of entrepreneurship as an interdisciplinary science, intuition and providing different definitions of it have not been noticed by researchers and researchers in this field, and many researches have not been written in this field. This is despite the fact that in other fields of humanities, especially management (with which entrepreneurship is closely related), basic sciences and even medical sciences, there is a suitable background and theoretical literature about this. On the other hand, it seems that the theoretical and epistemological foundations of this concept have not been researched as much as necessary in the few researches that have been conducted, and very little research has been done in this field. In this article, firstly, the definitions and researches about intuition are reviewed, and secondly, the little researches that have been done in entrepreneurship and its relationship with other sciences are discussed.

Education is a continually developing activity, it shapes the way an individual develops their attitudes, thoughts and behavior. Education is not just about being literate but it is an overall development of the person in every aspect of their lives. A society's Educational system can be greatly linked to its culture as the culture that one is in have an affect on the type of curriculum the institutions will develop in order to cater to every individual of that particular culture. Education moulds and shapes a society and it is influenced by the culture of the particular country or society. The Educational system acts as a point of reference for the society's needs and demands. The principles that dominate this article is culture and Education are interrelated and interconnected. Every Educational paradigm is influenced by the culture of the society in which it operates. This essay underlines the extensive connection between culture and Education. As a result, the goal of this essay is to depict these features from a Philosophical-Psychological Approach.

Knowing the components of economic Education provides the dynamic background of Education in this field. The aim of the current research is to investigate the indicators and components of the economic Education curriculum. The approach of the current research is qualitative and its method is research synthesis. The research community is all the articles (211 articles) that have been presented from 1390 to 1401 AD and from 2010 to 2022 AD regarding economic Education in curricula. The sample of the research is 32 articles, which were selected based on thematic monitoring, theoretical data saturation, and purposefully. The research data were collected from the qualitative analysis of the studied articles. By analyzing the data, the dimensions of vitality in the curriculum of the elementary school in 4 factors and 55 categories including the dimension of individual factors (including indicators and components related to personality characteristics); The dimension of culture and economic ethics (economic fields in the society); The dimension of economic concepts and knowledge (indices in economic Education) and the dimension of collective and communication concepts (communication and interaction indicators in Education) were classified. Economic Education is dependent on internal and external components in Educational systems, which requires macro-planning in this field.

aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of simulation-based teaching in Physics on self-directed learning of secondary school students. This study was performed on12th grade students of Isfahan Experimental Sciences with7358 students by quasi-experimental method and with pre-test-post-test design with control group in the academic year2018-2019. Therefore, 54students of Mandegar Saadi High School were randomly divided into experimental and control groups by available sampling method in two classes of 2 7students The experimental group received Physics simulators (atomicand nuclear Physics subjects) from the University of Colorado Boulder Web site that matched the topics used and contained most of the basic concepts in the high school computer lab and control group with traditional teaching method (lecture) 1 6 sessions of 90 minutes, they received for 8 weeks. Self-centered learning was measured by self-directed learning test by Fisher et al. (2001) based on Garrison (1997) in three subscales of self-management, Self-motivation and self-monitoring Which is Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0. 84. Research data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software at two levels of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance). The results showed that the teaching method based on simulation has the ability of self-centered learning in students and there is self-management, Self-motivation and self-monitoring in all three subscales.

Nowadays, in an effort to improve learning process, the application of new and active techniques in teaching methods, instead of the traditional method of teaching is essential. One active teaching method in science teaching is hands-on and laboratory methods. To improve some of the deficiencies in the laboratories, the use of simple tools and hand-made instrument is suggested. In this regard, this study is trying to review the effect of using the experimental hand-made instruments on the first year high school girl students' academic achievement, knowledge, comprehension and application in the subject of light-refraction. This study was a quasi-experimental research and its method is Solomon four groups design and the population is 527 high school girl students in Dehgolan city and its suburbs. The samples are four groups including 97 people. Selection of the school and classes was done randomly. Two experimental groups were taught with the use of the hand-made instruments and two control groups were taught with traditional method. Results of the analyses showed that there was a significant difference at 0.05 percent (p<0.05) between the experimental and control groups in academic achievement and application. The findings of study suggest that the teaching of light-refraction by hand-made instruments is more effective than the traditional teaching without using hand-made instruments on the development of learning and application.

Introduction: Academic faculty members need to emphasize ethical principles in order to improve higher Education, with the understanding of this importance, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the ethical model of academic faculty members in Iran's higher Education. Material & Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants, including experts and faculty members of the country's public universities, who were responsible for the promotion of academic members, were selected as key informants through a targeted sampling method of 45 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the moral model of faculty members in Iran's higher Education is explained in 10 main categories and 27 subcategories. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (individual factors, organizational factors), core (cultural-Educational, Educational ethics, research ethics, scientific-executive), background conditions (higher Education policies, moral activism), intervening conditions (environmental factors), strategies (micro level-university, macro level-higher Education) and consequences (individual and organizational) were elevated to a higher abstract level and finally the research paradigm model was presented. Conclusion: The regulations for the promotion of academic staff members in Iran require a detailed revision of the content with an ethical and qualitative approach in order to make the indicators of the promotion regulations efficient and effective.